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Publications on Sleeping Sickness in Uganda

ABARU, D. E. 1985. Sleeping sickness in Busoga, Uganda, 1976-1983. Trop Med Parasitol, 36, 72-6.

ABILA, P. P., SLOTMAN, M. A., PARMAKELIS, A., DION, K. B., ROBINSON, A. S., MUWANIKA, V. B., ENYARU, J. C., OKEDI, L. M., AKSOY, S. & CACCONE, A. 2008. High levels of genetic differentiation between Ugandan Glossina fuscipes fuscipes populations separated by Lake Kyoga. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2, e242.

AGBO, E. C., CLAUSEN, P. H., BUSCHER, P., MAJIWA, P. A., CLAASSEN, E. & TE PAS, M. F. 2003. Population genetic structure and cladistic analysis of Trypanosoma brucei isolates. Infect Genet Evol, 3, 165-74.

AKOL, M. N., OLAHO-MUKANI, W., ODIIT, M., ENYARU, J. C., MATOVU, E., MAGONA, J. & OKITOI, N. D. 1999. Trypanosomosis agglutination card test for Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness. East Afr Med J, 76, 38-41.

AKSOY, S., CACCONE, A., GALVANI, A. P. & OKEDI, L. M. 2013. Glossina fuscipes populations provide insights for human African trypanosomiasis transmission in Uganda. Trends Parasitol, 29, 394-406.

ANCELLE, T., BARRET, B., FLACHET, L. & MOREN, A. 1994. [2 epidemics of arsenical encephalopathy in the treatment of trypanosomiasis, Uganda, 1992-1993]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot, 87, 341-6.

BALASEGARAM, M., YOUNG, H., CHAPPUIS, F., PRIOTTO, G., RAGUENAUD, M. E. & CHECCHI, F. 2009. Effectiveness of melarsoprol and eflornithine as first-line regimens for gambiense sleeping sickness in nine Medecins Sans Frontieres programmes. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 103, 280-90.

BALYEIDHUSA, A. S., KIRONDE, F. A. & ENYARU, J. C. 2012. Apparent lack of a domestic animal reservoir in Gambiense sleeping sickness in northwest Uganda. Vet Parasitol, 187, 157-67.

BARDOSH, K., WAISWA, C. & WELBURN, S. C. 2013. Conflict of interest: use of pyrethroids and amidines against tsetse and ticks in zoonotic sleeping sickness endemic areas of Uganda. Parasit Vectors, 6, 204.

BATCHELOR, N. A., ATKINSON, P. M., GETHING, P. W., PICOZZI, K., FEVRE, E. M., KAKEMBO, A. S. & WELBURN, S. C. 2009. Spatial predictions of Rhodesian Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) prevalence in Kaberamaido and Dokolo, two newly affected districts of Uganda. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 3, e563.

BENCA, J., ONDRUSOVA, A., ADAMCOVA, J., TAKACOVA, M., POLONOVA, J. & TAZIAROVA, M. 2007. Ten years experience with 497 cases of neuroinfections in tropic: in limited laboratory infrastructure initially treat both, cerebral malaria and meningitis. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 28 Suppl 2, 49-50.

BERRANG-FORD, L., BERKE, O., ABDELRAHMAN, L., WALTNER-TOEWS, D. & MCDERMOTT, J. 2006a. Spatial analysis of sleeping sickness, southeastern Uganda, 1970-2003. Emerg Infect Dis, 12, 813-20.

BERRANG-FORD, L., BERKE, O., SWEENEY, S. & ABDELRAHMAN, L. 2010. Sleeping sickness in southeastern Uganda: a spatio-temporal analysis of disease risk, 1970-2003. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 10, 977-88.

BERRANG-FORD, L., ODIIT, M., MAISO, F., WALTNER-TOEWS, D. & MCDERMOTT, J. 2006b. Sleeping sickness in Uganda: revisiting current and historical distributions. Afr Health Sci, 6, 223-31.

BERRANG-FORD, L., WAMBOGA, C. & KAKEMBO, A. S. 2012. Trypanososma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness, Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis, 18, 1686-7.

BERRANG FORD, L. 2007. Civil conflict and sleeping sickness in Africa in general and Uganda in particular. Confl Health, 1, 6.

BOYD, J. 1973. Sleeping sickness. The Castellani-Bruce controversy. Notes Rec R Soc Lond, 28, 93-110.

BROMIDGE, T., GIBSON, W., HUDSON, K. & DUKES, P. 1993. Identification of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense by PCR amplification of variant surface glycoprotein genes. Acta Trop, 53, 107-19.

BROWN, J. E., KOMATSU, K. J., ABILA, P. P., ROBINSON, A. S., OKEDI, L. M., DYER, N., DONNELLY, M. J., SLOTMAN, M. A. & CACCONE, A. 2008. Polymorphic microsatellite markers for the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae), a vector of human African trypanosomiasis. Mol Ecol Resour, 8, 1506-8.

BRUN, R., SCHUMACHER, R., SCHMID, C., KUNZ, C. & BURRI, C. 2001. The phenomenon of treatment failures in Human African Trypanosomiasis. Trop Med Int Health, 6, 906-14.

BUSCHER, P., BIN SHAMAMBA, S. K., NGOYI, D. M., PYANA, P., BAELMANS, R., MAGNUS, E. & VAN OVERMEIR, C. 2005. Susceptibility of Grammomys surdaster thicket rats to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection. Trop Med Int Health, 10, 850-5.

CALJON, G., VAN DEN ABBEELE, J., STERNBERG, J. M., COOSEMANS, M., DE BAETSELIER, P. & MAGEZ, S. 2006. Tsetse fly saliva biases the immune response to Th2 and induces anti-vector antibodies that are a useful tool for exposure assessment. Int J Parasitol, 36, 1025-35.

CASTELLANI, A. 2003. Researches on the etiology of sleeping sickness. 1903. Parassitologia, 45, 51-60.

CASTELLI, F. & SALERI, N. 2003. Editorial introduction to the paper by A. Castellani “Researches on the Etiology of Sleeping Sickness” reprinted from the Journal of Tropical Medicine, June 1, 1903. Parassitologia, 45, 47-9.

CECCHI, G., PAONE, M., FELDMANN, U., VREYSEN, M. J., DIALL, O. & MATTIOLI, R. C. 2014. Assembling a geospatial database of tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomosis for Africa. Parasit Vectors, 7, 39.

CHECCHI, F., CHAPPUIS, F., KARUNAKARA, U., PRIOTTO, G. & CHANDRAMOHAN, D. 2011. Accuracy of five algorithms to diagnose gambiense human African trypanosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 5, e1233.

CHECCHI, F., COX, A. P., CHAPPUIS, F., PRIOTTO, G., CHANDRAMOHAN, D. & HAYDON, D. T. 2012. Prevalence and under-detection of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis during mass screening sessions in Uganda and Sudan. Parasit Vectors, 5, 157.

CHECCHI, F., FILIPE, J. A., HAYDON, D. T., CHANDRAMOHAN, D. & CHAPPUIS, F. 2008. Estimates of the duration of the early and late stage of gambiense sleeping sickness. BMC Infect Dis, 8, 16.

CHECCHI, F., PIOLA, P., AYIKORU, H., THOMAS, F., LEGROS, D. & PRIOTTO, G. 2007. Nifurtimox plus Eflornithine for late-stage sleeping sickness in Uganda: a case series. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 1, e64.

COOK, G. C. 1993. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene meeting at Manson House, London, 10 December 1992. George Carmichael Low FRCP: twelfth president of the Society and underrated pioneer of tropical medicine. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 87, 355-60.

COOK, G. C. 2012. Patrick Manson (1844-1922) FRS: Filaria (Mansonella) perstans and sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis). J Med Biogr, 20, 69.

DAVIES, J. N. 1968. Informed speculation on the cause of sleeping sickness 1898-1903. Medical History, 12, 200-4.

DAVIS, S., AKSOY, S. & GALVANI, A. 2011. A global sensitivity analysis for African sleeping sickness. Parasitology, 138, 516-26.

DILL, E. A., RENAULT, C. & KIRKPATRICK, B. D. 2011. Trypanosoma brucei infection in a HIV positive Ugandan male. Clin Lab Sci, 24, 85-8.

DOBRODENKOVA, S. 2013. Sleeping sickness in Buikwe South Health sub-district: Neuroinfection situation report. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 34, 17-23.

ECHODU, R., SISTROM, M., BATETA, R., MURILLA, G., OKEDI, L., AKSOY, S., ENYIOHA, C., ENYARU, J., OPIYO, E., GIBSON, W. & CACCONE, A. 2015. Genetic diversity and population structure of Trypanosoma brucei in Uganda: implications for the epidemiology of sleeping sickness and Nagana. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 9, e0003353.

ENYARU, J. C., ALLINGHAM, R., BROMIDGE, T., KANMOGNE, G. D. & CARASCO, J. F. 1993a. The isolation and genetic heterogeneity of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense from north-west Uganda. Acta Trop, 54, 31-9.

ENYARU, J. C., MATOVU, E., AKOL, M., SEBIKALI, C., KYAMBADDE, J., SCHMIDT, C., BRUN, R., KAMINSKY, R., OGWAL, L. M. & KANSIIME, F. 1998. Parasitological detection of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in serologically negative sleeping-sickness suspects from north-western Uganda. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 92, 845-50.

ENYARU, J. C., MATOVU, E., NERIMA, B., AKOL, M. & SEBIKALI, C. 2006. Detection of T.b. rhodesiense trypanosomes in humans and domestic animals in south east Uganda by amplification of serum resistance-associated gene. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1081, 311-9.

ENYARU, J. C., ODIIT, M., GASHUMBA, J. K., CARASCO, J. F. & RWENDEIRE, A. J. 1992. Characterization by isoenzyme electrophoresis of Trypanozoon stocks from sleeping sickness endemic areas of south-east Uganda. Bull World Health Organ, 70, 631-6.

ENYARU, J. C., ODIIT, M., WINYI-KABOYO, R., SEBIKALI, C. G., MATOVU, E., OKITOI, D. & OLAHO-MUKANI, W. 1999. Evidence for the occurrence of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness outside the traditional focus in south-eastern Uganda. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 93, 817-22.

ENYARU, J. C., STEVENS, J. R., ODIIT, M., OKUNA, N. M. & CARASCO, J. F. 1993b. Isoenzyme comparison of Trypanozoon isolates from two sleeping sickness areas of south-eastern Uganda. Acta Trop, 55, 97-115.

FEVRE, E. M., COLEMAN, P. G., ODIIT, M., MAGONA, J. W., WELBURN, S. C. & WOOLHOUSE, M. E. 2001. The origins of a new Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness outbreak in eastern Uganda. Lancet, 358, 625-8.

FEVRE, E. M., COLEMAN, P. G., WELBURN, S. C. & MAUDLIN, I. 2004. Reanalyzing the 1900-1920 sleeping sickness epidemic in Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis, 10, 567-73.

FEVRE, E. M., ODIIT, M., COLEMAN, P. G., WOOLHOUSE, M. E. & WELBURN, S. C. 2008. Estimating the burden of rhodesiense sleeping sickness during an outbreak in Serere, eastern Uganda. BMC Public Health, 8, 96.

FEVRE, E. M., PICOZZI, K., FYFE, J., WAISWA, C., ODIIT, M., COLEMAN, P. G. & WELBURN, S. C. 2005. A burgeoning epidemic of sleeping sickness in Uganda. Lancet, 366, 745-7.

FEVRE, E. M., TILLEY, A., PICOZZI, K., FYFE, J., ANDERSON, I., MAGONA, J. W., SHAW, D. J., EISLER, M. C. & WELBURN, S. C. 2006. Central point sampling from cattle in livestock markets in areas of human sleeping sickness. Acta Trop, 97, 229-32.

FREIBURGHAUS, F., OGWAL, E. N., NKUNYA, M. H., KAMINSKY, R. & BRUN, R. 1996. In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of African plants used in traditional medicine in Uganda to treat sleeping sickness. Trop Med Int Health, 1, 765-71.

FREIBURGHAUS, F., STECK, A., PFANDER, H. & BRUN, R. 1998. Bioassay-guided isolation of a diastereoisomer of kolavenol from Entada abyssinica active on Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. J Ethnopharmacol, 61, 179-83.

GASHUMBA, J. K. 1981. Sleeping sickness in Iganga District, Uganda: application of a new diagnostic technique. East Afr Med J, 58, 699-702.

GASHUMBA, J. K., KOMBA, E. K., TRUC, P., ALLINGHAM, R. M., FERRIS, V. & GODFREY, D. G. 1994. The persistence of genetic homogeneity among Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense isolates from patients in north-west Tanzania. Acta Trop, 56, 341-8.

GASHUMBA, J. K. & MWAMBU, P. M. 1981. Sleeping sickness epidemic in Busoga, Uganda. Trop Doct, 11, 175-8.

GIBSON, W. 1996. More on sleeping sickness in Uganda. Parasitol Today, 12, 40; author reply 41.

GIBSON, W., BACKHOUSE, T. & GRIFFITHS, A. 2002. The human serum resistance associated gene is ubiquitous and conserved in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense throughout East Africa. Infect Genet Evol, 1, 207-14.

GOODHEAD, I., CAPEWELL, P., BAILEY, J. W., BEAMENT, T., CHANCE, M., KAY, S., FORRESTER, S., MACLEOD, A., TAYLOR, M., NOYES, H. & HALL, N. 2013. Whole-genome sequencing of Trypanosoma brucei reveals introgression between subspecies that is associated with virulence. MBio, 4.

HARGROVE, J. W., OUIFKI, R., KAJUNGURI, D., VALE, G. A. & TORR, S. J. 2012. Modeling the control of trypanosomiasis using trypanocides or insecticide-treated livestock. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 6, e1615.

HAYNES, D. M. 2000. Framing tropical disease in London: Patrick Manson, Filaria perstans, and the Uganda sleeping sickness epidemic, 1891-1902. Soc Hist Med, 13, 467-93.

HIDE, G., ANGUS, S. D., HOLMES, P. H., MAUDLIN, I. & WELBURN, S. C. 1998. Trypanosoma brucei: comparison of circulating strains in an endemic and an epidemic area of a sleeping sickness focus. Exp Parasitol, 89, 21-9.

HIDE, G., BUCHANAN, N., WELBURN, S., MAUDLIN, I., BARRY, J. D. & TAIT, A. 1991. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: characterisation of stocks from Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda using repetitive DNA probes. Exp Parasitol, 72, 430-9.

HIDE, G., CATTAND, P., LERAY, D., BARRY, J. D. & TAIT, A. 1990. The identification of Trypanosoma brucei subspecies using repetitive DNA sequences. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 39, 213-25.

HIDE, G. & TAIT, A. 2009. Molecular epidemiology of African sleeping sickness. Parasitology, 136, 1491-500.

HIDE, G., TILLEY, A., WELBURN, S. C., MAUDLIN, I. & TAIT, A. 2000. Trypanosoma brucei: identification of trypanosomes with genotypic similarity to human infective isolates in tsetse isolated from a region free of human sleeping sickness. Exp Parasitol, 96, 67-74.

HIDE, G., WELBURN, S. C., TAIT, A. & MAUDLIN, I. 1994. Epidemiological relationships of Trypanosoma brucei stocks from south east Uganda: evidence for different population structures in human infective and non-human infective isolates. Parasitology, 109 ( Pt 1), 95-111.

HUTCHINSON, O. C., FEVRE, E. M., CARRINGTON, M. & WELBURN, S. C. 2003. Lessons learned from the emergence of a new Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness focus in Uganda. Lancet Infect Dis, 3, 42-5.

HUTIN, Y. J., LEGROS, D., OWINI, V., BROWN, V., LEE, E., MBULAMBERI, D. & PAQUET, C. 2004. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis in Terego county, northern Uganda, 1996: a lot quality assurance sampling survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 70, 390-4.

ITEN, M., MATOVU, E., BRUN, R. & KAMINSKY, R. 1995. Innate lack of susceptibility of Ugandan Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense to DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). Trop Med Parasitol, 46, 190-4.

IVESON-IVESON, J. 1980. Sleeping sickness. Nurs Mirror, 151, 33.

JANNIN, J. G. 2005. Sleeping sickness–a growing problem? BMJ, 331, 1242.

JONES, T. W., CUNNINGHAM, I., TAYLOR, A. M. & GRAY, A. R. 1981. The use of culture-derived metacyclic trypanosomes in studies on the serological relationships of stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 75, 560-5.

KABASA, J. D. 2007. Public-private partnership works to stamp out sleeping sickness in Uganda. Trends Parasitol, 23, 191-2.

KAGIRA, J. M. & MAINA, N. 2007. Occurrence of multiple drug resistance in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense isolated from sleeping sickness patients. Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 74, 17-22.

KATABAZI, B. K. 1983. The tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes in the sleeping sickness epidemic area of Busoga, Uganda. East Afr Med J, 60, 397-401.

KATO, A. B., HYSENI, C., OKEDI, L. M., OUMA, J. O., AKSOY, S., CACCONE, A. & MASEMBE, C. 2015a. Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence and diversity of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes in the Lake Victoria basin of Uganda: implications for control. Parasit Vectors, 8, 385.

KATO, C. D., ALIBU, V. P., NANTEZA, A., MUGASA, C. M. & MATOVU, E. 2015b. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 Are Up Regulated in Late Stage Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Sleeping Sickness. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 9, e0003835.

KATO, C. D., NANTEZA, A., MUGASA, C., EDYELU, A., MATOVU, E. & ALIBU, V. P. 2015c. Clinical profiles, disease outcome and co-morbidities among T. b. rhodesiense sleeping sickness patients in Uganda. PLoS One, 10, e0118370.

KATUNGUKA-RWAKISHAYA, E. 1996. The prevalence of trypanosomosis in small ruminants and pigs in a sleeping sickness endemic area of Buikwe County, Mukono district, Uganda. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop, 49, 56-8.

KAZIBWE, A. J., NERIMA, B., DE KONING, H. P., MASER, P., BARRETT, M. P. & MATOVU, E. 2009. Genotypic status of the TbAT1/P2 adenosine transporter of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense isolates from Northwestern Uganda following melarsoprol withdrawal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 3, e523.

KIOY, D. & MATTOCK, N. 2005. Control of sleeping sickness–time to integrate approaches. Lancet, 366, 695-6.

KOERNER, T., DE RAADT, P. & MAUDLIN, I. 1995. The 1901 uganda sleeping sickness epidemic revisited: a case of mistaken identity? Parasitol Today, 11, 303-6.

KOMBA, E., ODIIT, M., MBULAMBERI, D. B., CHIMFWEMBE, E. C. & NANTULYA, V. M. 1992. Multicentre evaluation of an antigen-detection ELISA for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness. Bull World Health Organ, 70, 57-61.

KOMBA, E. K., KIBONA, S. N., AMBWENE, A. K., STEVENS, J. R. & GIBSON, W. C. 1997. Genetic diversity among Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense isolates from Tanzania. Parasitology, 115 ( Pt 6), 571-9.

KOTLYAR, S. 2010. Recommendations for control of East african sleeping sickness in Uganda. J Glob Infect Dis, 2, 43-8.

KOVACIC, V., TIRADOS, I., ESTERHUIZEN, J., MANGWIRO, C. T., TORR, S. J., LEHANE, M. J. & SMITH, H. 2013. Community acceptance of tsetse control baits: a qualitative study in Arua District, North West Uganda. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 7, e2579.

KRAFSUR, E. S., MARQUEZ, J. G. & OUMA, J. O. 2008. Structure of some East African Glossina fuscipes fuscipes populations. Med Vet Entomol, 22, 222-7.

KRAMPITZ, H. E. 1967. [Symptoms, pathogenesis and diagnostic value of the primary reaction in African sleeping sickness]. Z Tropenmed Parasitol, 18, 273-9.

KUEPFER, I., HHARY, E. P., ALLAN, M., EDIELU, A., BURRI, C. & BLUM, J. A. 2011. Clinical presentation of T.b. rhodesiense sleeping sickness in second stage patients from Tanzania and Uganda. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 5, e968.

KUEPFER, I., SCHMID, C., ALLAN, M., EDIELU, A., HAARY, E. P., KAKEMBO, A., KIBONA, S., BLUM, J. & BURRI, C. 2012. Safety and efficacy of the 10-day melarsoprol schedule for the treatment of second stage Rhodesiense sleeping sickness. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 6, e1695.

KUTUZA, S. B. & OKOTH, J. O. 1981. A tsetse survey of Luuka and Kigulu counties of South Busoga District, Uganda, during an outbreak of African sleeping sickness. Bull Anim Health Prod Afr, 29, 55-8.

KYAMBADDE, J. W., ENYARU, J. C., MATOVU, E., ODIIT, M. & CARASCO, J. F. 2000. Detection of trypanosomes in suspected sleeping sickness patients in Uganda using the polymerase chain reaction. Bull World Health Organ, 78, 119-24.

LANCIEN, J. 1991. [Campaign against sleeping sickness in South-West Uganda by trapping tsetse flies]. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop, 71 Suppl 1, 35-47.

MACLEAN, L., ODIIT, M. & STERNBERG, J. M. 2006. Intrathecal cytokine responses in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 100, 270-5.

MACLEAN, L., REIBER, H., KENNEDY, P. G. & STERNBERG, J. M. 2012. Stage progression and neurological symptoms in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness: role of the CNS inflammatory response. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 6, e1857.

MACLEOD, A., WELBURN, S., MAUDLIN, I., TURNER, C. M. & TAIT, A. 2001. Evidence for multiple origins of human infectivity in Trypanosoma brucei revealed by minisatellite variant repeat mapping. J Mol Evol, 52, 290-301.

MAGONA, J. W. & WALUBENGO, J. 2011. Mass-treatment and insecticide-spraying of animal reservoirs for emergency control of Rhodesiense sleeping sickness in Uganda. J Vector Borne Dis, 48, 105-8.

MATOVU, E., ENYARU, J. C., LEGROS, D., SCHMID, C., SEEBECK, T. & KAMINSKY, R. 2001a. Melarsoprol refractory T. b. gambiense from Omugo, north-western Uganda. Trop Med Int Health, 6, 407-11.

MATOVU, E., ITEN, M., ENYARU, J. C., SCHMID, C., LUBEGA, G. W., BRUN, R. & KAMINSKY, R. 1997. Susceptibility of Ugandan Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense isolated from man and animal reservoirs to diminazene, isometamidium and melarsoprol. Trop Med Int Health, 2, 13-8.

MATOVU, E., SEEBECK, T., ENYARU, J. C. & KAMINSKY, R. 2001b. Drug resistance in Trypanosoma brucei spp., the causative agents of sleeping sickness in man and nagana in cattle. Microbes Infect, 3, 763-70.

MATOVU, F. S. 1982. Rhodesian sleeping sickness in South-Eastern Uganda: (the present problems). East Afr Med J, 59, 390-3.

MBULAMBERI, D. B. 1989a. Possible causes leading to an epidemic outbreak of sleeping sickness: facts and hypotheses. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop, 69 Suppl 1, 173-9; discussion 212-4.

MBULAMBERI, D. B. 1989b. A review of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in Uganda. East Afr Med J, 66, 743-7.

MBULAMBERI, D. B. 1994. Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of African sleeping sickness. Med Bull Uganda, 1, 25-7.

MOLYNEUX, D. H. 1997. Patterns of change in vector-borne diseases. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 91, 827-39.

MORRIS, K. R. 1959. The epidemiology of sleeping sickness in East Africa. I. A sleeping sickness outbreak in Uganda in 1957. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 53, 384-93.

MORRIS, K. R. 1960a. Studies on the epidemiology of sleeping sickness in East Africa. 5. Sleeping sickness in the Bunyoro District of Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 54, 585-96.

MORRIS, K. R. 1960b. Studies on the epidemiology of sleeping sickness in East Africa. III. The endemic area of Lakes Edward and George in Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 54, 212-24.

MUHANGUZI, D., OKELLO, W. O., KABASA, J. D., WAISWA, C., WELBURN, S. C. & SHAW, A. P. 2015. Cost analysis of options for management of African Animal Trypanosomiasis using interventions targeted at cattle in Tororo District; south-eastern Uganda. Parasit Vectors, 8, 387.

NJIRU, Z. K., NDUNG’U, K., MATETE, G., NDUNGU, J. M. & GIBSON, W. C. 2004. Detection of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in animals from sleeping sickness foci in East Africa using the serum resistance associated (SRA) gene. Acta Trop, 90, 249-54.

OCHAN, B. 2004. Sleeping sickness re-emerges in Uganda. BMJ, 328, 70.

ODIIT, M., BESSELL, P. R., FEVRE, E. M., ROBINSON, T., KINOTI, J., COLEMAN, P. G., WELBURN, S. C., MCDERMOTT, J. & WOOLHOUSE, M. E. 2006. Using remote sensing and geographic information systems to identify villages at high risk for rhodesiense sleeping sickness in Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 100, 354-62.

ODIIT, M., COLEMAN, P. G., LIU, W. C., MCDERMOTT, J. J., FEVRE, E. M., WELBURN, S. C. & WOOLHOUSE, M. E. 2005. Quantifying the level of under-detection of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness cases. Trop Med Int Health, 10, 840-9.

ODIIT, M., COLEMAN, P. G., MCDERMOTT, J. J., FEVRE, E. M., WELBURN, S. C. & WOOLHOUSE, M. E. 2004a. Spatial and temporal risk factors for the early detection of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness patients in Tororo and Busia districts, Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 98, 569-76.

ODIIT, M., KANSIIME, F. & ENYARU, J. C. 1997. Duration of symptoms and case fatality of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in Tororo, Uganda. East Afr Med J, 74, 792-5.

ODIIT, M., SHAW, A., WELBURN, S. C., FEVRE, E. M., COLEMAN, P. G. & MCDERMOTT, J. J. 2004b. Assessing the patterns of health-seeking behaviour and awareness among sleeping-sickness patients in eastern Uganda. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 98, 339-48.

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